The Impact of the EU Artificial Intelligence Regulation on Border-Management Systems, Human Rights, and Law Enforcement

CaféIA Program

Session dedicated to analyze the impact of the European Union Artificial Intelligence Regulation on border management systems, human rights and law enforcement.

It will take place on March 13, 2026, from 15:00 to 16:00, and will be carried out by Professor Elemegious Mugamba, research doctor of the Faculty of Law of the Autonomous University of Barcelona.

Activity aimed at students of the Master in Artificial Intelligence and Digital Law and the Master in European Integration.

Overview

As the European Union increasingly integrates artificial intelligence into border management and law enforcement systems, profound constitutional questions emerge regarding proportionality, non-discrimination, data protection, and effective judicial protection.

This guest lecture critically examines Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act) within the broader constitutional architecture of the European Union. It situates the AI Act in relation to:

• The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
• The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)
• The Law Enforcement Directive (Directive (EU) 2016/680)
• The interoperability framework (Regulations (EU) 2019/817 and 2019/818)
• Large-scale EU systems such as ETIAS, EES, SIS, VIS and Eurodac

The lecture develops a structured doctrinal assessment of high-risk AI systems under Articles 6 and Annex III of the AI Act, including lifecycle governance obligations (Articles 9–15), transparency and human oversight requirements, Fundamental Rights Impact Assessments (Article 27), and post-market monitoring (Article 61).

Anchored in leading CJEU jurisprudence — including Digital Rights Ireland, Schrems II, La Quadrature du Net and SCHUFA Holding — the session evaluates whether the AI Act meaningfully recalibrates the balance between security objectives, internal market integration, and fundamental rights protection in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the lecture, students will be able to:

• Interpret and critically evaluate the AI Act’s risk-based regulatory architecture.
• Apply EU constitutional principles — proportionality, necessity, non-discrimination, and effective judicial protection — to AI-enabled border and policing technologies.
• Assess the interaction between the AI Act, GDPR, and the Law Enforcement Directive.
• Develop evidence-based normative assessments of algorithmic governance in securitised domains.

This session is designed to equip students with the doctrinal, analytical, and institutional tools necessary to critically engage with AI governance in the European constitutional space.